Задание 5
Составьте уравнения реакций, при помощи которых можно осуществить следующие превращения:
а) CH4 ⟶ CH3–CH3 ⟶ CH3–CH2–OH ⟶ CH3–CH3
б) CH3–CH2–OH ⟶ CH2=CH2 ⟶ CH3–CH3 ⟶ CH3–CH2–Cl ⟶ CH3–COH
в) CH3–CH2–OH ⟶ CH2=CH–CH=CH2
г) CaCO3 ⟶ CaC2 ⟶ C2H2 ⟶ CH3–CH2–OH ⟶ CH3–CH2–Cl ⟶ CH2=CH2
а)
CH4 + Cl2 свет ⟶ CH3Cl + HCl
2CH3Cl + 2Na ⟶ CH3–CH3 + 2NaCl
CH3–CH3 t ⟶ CH2=CH2 + H2
CH2=CH2 + H2O 280-300°C, 7-8МПа, H₃PO₄ ⟶ CH3–CH2–OH
CH3–CH2–OH t > 140°C, H₂SO₄(конц.) ⟶ CH2=CH2↑ + H2O
CH2=CH2 + H2 t, Ni ⟶ CH3–CH3
б)
CH3–CH2–OH t > 140°C, H₂SO₄(конц.) ⟶ CH2=CH2↑ + H2O
CH2=CH2 + H2 t, Ni ⟶ CH3–CH3
CH3–CH3 + Cl2 свет ⟶ CH3–CH2–Cl + HCl
CH3–CH2–Cl + NaOH ⟶ CH3–CH2–OH + NaCl
| CH3–CH2–OH | + | CuO | t ⟶ |  |
+ | Cu | + | H2O |
в)
2CH3-CH2-OH t, кат. ⟶ CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2H2O + H2
г)
CaCO3 + 4C ⟶ CaC2 + 3CO
CaC2 + 2H2O ⟶ Ca(OH)2 + C2H2↑
C2H2 + H2 t, Ni ⟶ C2H4
C2H4 + H2O 280-300°C, 7-8МПа, H₃PO₄ ⟶ C2H5OH
CH3–CH2–OH + HCl H₂SO₄ ⟶ CH3–CH2–Cl + H2O
CH3–CH2–Cl + NaOH ⟶ CH3–CH2–OH + NaCl
CH3–CH2–OH t > 140°C, H₂SO₄(конц.) ⟶ CH2=CH2↑ + H2O