а)
2Cu2S + 3O2 `overset(t)(=)` 2Cu2O + 2SO2 |
S-2 - 6ē ⟶ S+4 |
6 |
12 |
2 |
|
O20 + 4ē ⟶ 2O-2 |
4 |
3 |
|
Cu2O + H2 `overset(t)(=)` 2Cu + H2O |
H20 - 2ē ⟶ 2H+ |
2 |
2 |
1 |
|
Cu+ + 1ē ⟶ Cu0 |
1 |
2 |
|
3Cu + 8HNO3(разб.) = 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO↑ + 4H2O |
Cu0 - 2ē ⟶ Cu+2 |
2 |
6 |
3 |
|
N+5 + 3ē ⟶ N+2 |
3 |
2 |
|
2Cu(NO3)2 `overset(t)(=)` 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2 |
2O-2 - 4ē ⟶ O20 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
|
N+5 + 1ē ⟶ N+4 |
1 |
4 |
|
CuO + H2 `overset(t)(=)` Cu + H2O |
H20 - 2ē ⟶ 2H+ |
2 |
2 |
1 |
|
Cu+2 + 2ē ⟶ Cu0 |
2 |
1 |
|
Cu + Cl2 = CuCl2 |
Cu0 - 2ē ⟶ Cu+2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
|
Cl20 + 2ē ⟶ 2Cl- |
2 |
1 |
|
CuCl2 + 2AgNO3 = Cu(NO3)2 + 2AgCl↓
Cu2+ + 2Cl- + 2Ag+ + 2NO3- = Cu2+ + 2NO3- + 2AgCl↓
Ag+ + Cl- = AgCl↓
Fe + Cu(NO3)2 = Fe(NO3)2 + Cu
Fe + Cu2+ + 2NO3- = Fe2+ + 2NO3- + Cu
Fe + Cu2+ = Fe2+ + Cu
б)
2PbS + 3O2 = 2PbO + 2SO2 |
S-2 - 6ē ⟶ S+4 |
6 |
12 |
2 |
|
O20 + 4ē ⟶ 2O-2 |
4 |
3 |
|
PbO + C `overset(t)(=)` Pb + CO |
C0 - 2ē ⟶ C+2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
|
Pb+2 + 2ē ⟶ Pb0 |
2 |
1 |
|
3Pb + 8HNO3(разб.) = 3Pb(NO3)2 + 2NO↑ + 4H2O |
Pb0 - 2ē ⟶ Pb+2 |
2 |
6 |
3 |
|
N+5 + 3ē ⟶ N+2 |
3 |
2 |
|
2Pb(NO3)2 `overset(t)(=)` 2PbO + 4NO2 + O2 |
2O-2 - 4ē ⟶ O20 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
|
N+5 + 1ē ⟶ N+4 |
1 |
4 |
|
PbO + CO `overset(t)(=)` Pb + CO2 |
C+2 - 2ē ⟶ C+4 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
|
Pb+2 + 2ē ⟶ Pb0 |
2 |
1 |
|
Pb + S = PbS |
Pb0 - 2ē ⟶ Pb+2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
|
S0 + 2ē ⟶ S-2 |
2 |
1 |
|
2PbS + 3O2 = 2PbO + 2SO2 |
S-2 - 6ē ⟶ S+4 |
6 |
12 |
2 |
|
O20 + 4ē ⟶ 2O-2 |
4 |
3 |
|
в)
SnS2 + 3O2 `overset(t)(=)` SnO2 + 2SO2 |
S-2 - 6ē ⟶ S+4 |
6 |
12 |
2 |
|
O20 + 4ē ⟶ 2O-2 |
4 |
3 |
|
SnO2 + 2C `overset(t)(=)` Sn + 2CO |
C0 - 2ē ⟶ C+2 |
2 |
4 |
2 |
|
Sn+4 + 4ē ⟶ Sn0 |
4 |
1 |
|
Sn + 2H2SO4(конц.) = SnSO4 + SO2↑ + 2H2O |
Sn0 - 2ē ⟶ Sn+2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
|
S+6 + 2ē ⟶ S+4 |
2 |
1 |
|
SnSO4 + 2NaOH = Na2SO4 + Sn(OH)2↓
Sn2+ + SO42- + 2Na+ + 2OH- = 2Na+ + SO42- + Sn(OH)2↓
Sn2+ + 2OH- = Sn(OH)2↓
Sn(OH)2 `overset(t)(=)` SnO + H2O
SnO + C `overset(t)(=)` Sn + CO |
C0 - 2ē ⟶ C+2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
|
Sn+2 + 2ē ⟶ Sn0 |
2 |
1 |
|
Sn + 2Cl2 = SnCl4 |
Sn0 - 4ē ⟶ Sn+4 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
|
Cl20 + 2ē ⟶ 2Cl- |
2 |
2 |
|
г)
2ZnS + 3O2 = 2ZnO + 2SO2 |
S-2 - 6ē ⟶ S+4 |
6 |
12 |
2 |
|
O20 + 4ē ⟶ 2O-2 |
4 |
3 |
|
ZnO + C `overset(t)(=)` Zn + CO |
C0 - 2ē ⟶ C+2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
|
Zn+2 + 2ē ⟶ Zn0 |
2 |
1 |
|
4Zn + 10HNO3(разб.) = 4Zn(NO3)2 + N2O↑ + 5H2O |
Zn0 - 2ē ⟶ Zn+2 |
2 |
8 |
4 |
|
2N+5 + 8ē ⟶ 2N+ |
8 |
1 |
|
2Zn(NO3)2 `overset(t)(=)` 2ZnO + 4NO2 + O2 |
2O-2 - 4ē ⟶ O20 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
|
N+5 + 1ē ⟶ N+4 |
1 |
4 |
|
ZnO + 2NaOH `overset(t)(=)` Na2ZnO2 + H2O
Na2ZnO2 + 2H2SO4 = Na2SO4 + ZnSO4 + 2H2O
Na2ZnO2 + 4H+ + 2SO42- = 2Na+ + SO42- + Zn2+ + SO42- + 2H2O
Na2ZnO2 + 4H+ = 2Na+ + Zn2+ + 2H2O
ZnSO4 + Na2S = Na2SO4 + ZnS↓
Zn2+ + SO42- + 2Na+ + S2- = 2Na+ + SO42- + ZnS↓
Zn2+ + S2- = ZnS↓
ZnS + 2HCl = ZnCl2 + H2S↑
ZnS + 2H+ + 2Cl- = Zn2+ + 2Cl- + H2S↑
ZnS + 2H+ = Zn2+ + H2S↑
д)
Ag2S + O2 `overset(t)(=)` 2Ag + SO2 |
2Ag+ + 2ē ⟶ 2Ag0 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
S-2 - 6ē ⟶ S+4 |
O20 + 4ē ⟶ 2O-2 |
4 |
1 |
3Ag + 4HNO3(разб.) = 3AgNO3 + NO↑ + 2H2O |
Ag0 - 1ē ⟶ Ag+ |
1 |
3 |
3 |
|
N+5 + 3ē ⟶ N+2 |
3 |
1 |
|
Cu + 2AgNO3 = Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag Cu + 2Ag+ + 2NO3- = Cu2+ + 2NO3- + 2Ag Cu + 2Ag+ = Cu2+ + 2Ag |
Cu0 - 2ē ⟶ Cu+2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
|
Ag+ + 1ē ⟶ Ag0 |
1 |
2 |
|
2Ag + Cl2 = 2AgCl |
Ag0 - 1ē ⟶ Ag+ |
1 |
2 |
2 |
|
Cl20 + 2ē ⟶ 2Cl- |
2 |
1 |
|
2AgCl `overset("свет")(=)` 2Ag + Cl2 |
2Cl- - 2ē ⟶ Cl20 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
|
Ag+ + 1ē ⟶ Ag0 |
1 |
2 |
|